A venturi scrubber works through a constricted throat design that creates high gas velocity and turbulence:

1. Gas Flow:

• Contaminated gas enters a converging section
• The narrowing passage accelerates the gas stream
• Gas velocity is highest at the throat (narrow point)

2. Liquid Contact:

• Scrubbing liquid is injected at or before the throat
• High gas velocity breaks liquid into fine droplets
• Creates intense turbulent mixing of gas and droplets

3. Particle Collection:

• Fast-moving droplets trap particles through impact
• Larger throat velocity = better collection efficiency
• Best for capturing particles 0.5-5 microns in size

4. Final Stage:

• Gas-liquid mixture enters diverging section
• Gas slows down, pressure recovers
• Droplets with captured particles are collected

The main tradeoff is between cleaning efficiency and energy cost - higher throat velocities clean better but require more power to overcome pressure drop.

Would you like me to elaborate on any of these aspects?