Here is the translation into American English for the common issues and troubleshooting for packed bed scrubbers:

1. Low Gas Removal Efficiency

Possible Causes:

• Clogging or fouling of the packing material.
• Malfunction in the liquid spray system, insufficient or uneven liquid distribution.
• Uneven gas flow distribution inside the tower.
• Incorrect packing material choice, insufficient surface area, or mismatch with the application.

Troubleshooting:

• Regularly inspect the packing for clogging or fouling. Clean or replace packing when necessary.
• Check the spray system to ensure no blockages and that liquid is distributed evenly and in adequate amounts.
• Adjust gas and liquid flow rates to ensure good contact between gas and liquid phases.
• Reevaluate the type and surface area of packing material to ensure it meets process requirements and optimize as needed.

2. Unstable Liquid Flow

Possible Causes:

• Faulty or insufficient pressure in the liquid pump.
• Blockages in liquid piping or spray system.
• Poor design of the liquid circulation system, leading to fluctuating liquid levels or uneven flow.

Troubleshooting:

• Check the liquid pump to ensure it’s operating at the correct pressure and flow rate.
• Regularly inspect pipes and spray nozzles for blockages or wear.
• Adjust the liquid circulation system to ensure uniform distribution, possibly adding supplementary liquid circulation equipment if needed.

3. Damage or Wear of Packing Material

Possible Causes:

• Excessive gas flow velocity causing mechanical impact on the packing.
• Inappropriate packing material selection with poor corrosion resistance.
• Long-term high-load operation leading to aging or damage of the packing.

Troubleshooting:

• Adjust gas flow rates and design parameters to prevent excessive impact on packing material.
• Select packing materials with better corrosion and wear resistance, ensuring they match the application needs.
• Regularly inspect and replace damaged packing to maintain surface integrity.

4. Odor or Incomplete Gas Purification at the Outlet

Possible Causes:

• Incomplete absorption of pollutants, insufficient contact time between gas and liquid.
• Inadequate scrubbing liquid for specific pollutants (e.g., incomplete neutralization of acidic gases).
• Diluted scrubbing liquid, unable to effectively absorb pollutants.

Troubleshooting:

• Increase gas-liquid contact time, for example by improving the packing surface area or adjusting the flow rates.
• Check and update the type or concentration of the scrubbing liquid to ensure it can effectively handle the targeted pollutants.
• Regularly monitor the concentration and quality of the scrubbing liquid, adjusting as necessary.

5. Scaling or Deposits Inside the Scrubber

Possible Causes:

• Poor water quality or chemical reactions between scrubbing liquid and pollutants leading to deposit formation.
• High or low liquid temperature affecting solubility.
• Use of inappropriate chemical cleaning agents.

Troubleshooting:

• Monitor and maintain water quality, regularly clean the system, and use filtration to remove impurities.
• Adjust the liquid temperature to keep it within the ideal range and prevent scaling.
• Use appropriate chemical cleaning agents and perform regular chemical cleaning to prevent buildup.

6. Excessive Gas Pressure Drop

Possible Causes:

• Clogged or fouled packing, obstructing gas flow.
• Poor design of the scrubber, creating blockages in the gas flow path.
• High gas flow velocity inside the tower, reducing packing efficiency.

Troubleshooting:

• Regularly clean the packing to ensure free gas flow.
• Optimize scrubber design to avoid gas flow obstructions, adjusting gas distributors as necessary.
• Control gas flow velocity to avoid excessive pressure drop and ensure optimal packing performance.

7. Liquid Wastage or Leakage

Possible Causes:

• Damage to spray nozzles or piping, leading to leaks.
• Poorly designed liquid circulation system, causing liquid loss.
• Excessive liquid injection during operation.

Troubleshooting:

• Regularly inspect spray nozzles, pipes, and joints for damage or leaks.
• Adjust liquid flow rates and ensure that liquid is properly circulated within the system.
• Avoid over-injecting liquid during operation to maintain appropriate liquid levels.

8. Vibration or Noise from the Scrubber

Possible Causes:

• Unstable gas flow inside the tower, causing resonance.
• Poor structural design of the scrubber, lacking adequate support.
• Malfunctioning or imbalanced equipment such as fans or pumps.

Troubleshooting:

• Check gas flow distribution and operating conditions to ensure stability, preventing resonance.
• Strengthen the scrubber structure to reduce vibrations and noise.
• Inspect and maintain equipment like fans and pumps to ensure they run smoothly and balanced.

Summary: Troubleshooting common issues typically involves regular maintenance, adjusting operational parameters, and choosing suitable materials. Ensuring the efficient operation of a packed bed scrubber not only helps improve pollutant removal efficiency but also extends the equipment’s lifespan and reduces operational costs.